{"id":2256,"date":"2015-05-01T09:00:03","date_gmt":"2015-05-01T07:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kortopsikoloji.com\/dergi\/?p=2256"},"modified":"2015-05-01T09:00:03","modified_gmt":"2015-05-01T07:00:03","slug":"cocugunuzun-empati-becerisini-nasil-gelistirebilirsiniz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/cocugunuzun-empati-becerisini-nasil-gelistirebilirsiniz\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7OCU\u011eUNUZUN EMPAT\u0130 BECER\u0130S\u0130N\u0130 NASIL GEL\u0130\u015eT\u0130REB\u0130L\u0130RS\u0130N\u0130Z?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Her g\u00fcn duydu\u011fumuz \u015fiddet ve \u201c\u00f6tekile\u015ftirme\u201d olaylar\u0131 ve s\u00f6ylemleriyle ilgili siz anne-babalar gibi biz e\u011fitimciler ve uzmanlar da endi\u015feliyiz. Bir \u015feylerin yolunda gitmedi\u011finin, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ve sayg\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fcnya hayalimizin herkes\u00e7e payla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nday\u0131z. B\u00f6yle d\u00f6nemlerde umutsuzluk, \u00f6fke, h\u00fcz\u00fcn kap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7alsa da asl\u0131nda durup \u201cnerede yanl\u0131\u015f ya da eksik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve bug\u00fcn hemen ne yapabilece\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek\u201d gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Mutlu bir \u00e7ocuklu\u011fun mutlu bir yeti\u015fkinli\u011fin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Ancak mutlulu\u011fun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7izdi\u011fimizi, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131za \u201ckendi mutlulu\u011funun di\u011ferinin mutlulu\u011fundan \u00fcst\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d ya da \u201cbir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n mutsuzlu\u011funa ra\u011fmen mutlu olman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten mutluluk olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor muyuz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeliyiz belki de.<\/p>\n

Okul \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem \u201cempati\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve di\u011ferinin duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ile \u00f6zde\u015fim kurma ya da hayali olarak kendi ya\u015f\u0131yormu\u015f\u00e7as\u0131na deneyimleme becerisinin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6nemdir. Bu ya\u015f grubunda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n empati becerilerinin desteklenmesi gelecekte mutlulu\u011fu bireyselle\u015ftirmeyen ve di\u011ferinin ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ve mutlulu\u011funa, iyili\u011fine en az kendininki kadar de\u011fer veren, sayg\u0131 duyan mutlu yeti\u015fkinler olmalar\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"cocukveempati\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n di\u011ferlerinin duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini anlayabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle kendisinin ayr\u0131 bir birey oldu\u011funun tamamen fark\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve bu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 2 ya\u015f civar\u0131nda kazan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak \u201ckendini ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n yerine koymak\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z beceriye ili\u015fkin bili\u015fsel yetkinli\u011fin kazan\u0131m\u0131 6-7 ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bulur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 2 ya\u015fla ba\u015flay\u0131p 6-7 ya\u015fa kadar ge\u00e7en zamandaki etkile\u015fimler ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u201cben\u201d ve \u201cdi\u011feri\u201d fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cdavran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu ve kendi duygular\u0131 kadar di\u011ferinin duygular\u0131n\u0131 da anlama s\u00fcreci\u201dnin desteklenmesi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u00fcmevar\u0131msal ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin (\u00e7ocu\u011fun davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sonucu di\u011ferlerinin nas\u0131l hissedece\u011finin anlat\u0131lmas\u0131) empati geli\u015fimini destekledi\u011fi; fiziksel ceza, tehdit, azarlama gibi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ise empati geli\u015fimini engelledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca erken d\u00f6nemde temel bak\u0131m veren yeti\u015fkinlerle kurulan s\u0131cak, sevgi dolu ili\u015fkinin g\u00fcven duygusunu sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu g\u00fcven duygusunun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 sadece kendini de\u011fil di\u011ferlerini de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme konusunda \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Tahmin edilece\u011fi \u00fczere temel bak\u0131m veren yeti\u015fkinlerle olumsuz ili\u015fki deneyiminin ise antisosyal davran\u0131\u015flar i\u00e7in risk olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer \u00e7ocu\u011funuzun empati becerisini geli\u015ftirmek istiyorsan\u0131z, siz de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer alan \u00f6nerileri uygulayarak \u00e7ocu\u011funuzun daha fazla empati yapabilmesine katk\u0131da bulunabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocu\u011fumun Empati Geli\u015fimini Desteklemek \u0130\u00e7in Ne Yapabilirim?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. Di\u011ferlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 modellemek: <\/strong>\u00c7evrenizdeki ki\u015filerle ilgili duygular\u0131n\u0131z ve onlar\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fclerini, sevin\u00e7lerini nas\u0131l payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131zla konu\u015fun. Onlara yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n mutlu anlar\u0131 i\u00e7in heyecanland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ya da mutsuzluklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc anlat\u0131n.<\/p>\n

2. Duygular\u0131 adland\u0131rmak: <\/strong>\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n duygular\u0131n\u0131 adland\u0131rmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olun. Okul \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde pek \u00e7ok \u00e7ocuk mutlu ya da \u00fczg\u00fcn olmak kelimelerini kullan\u0131r ancak s\u0131kl\u0131kla ne hissettiklerini tam olarak anlatmak konusunda yetersiz kal\u0131r. Onlar\u0131 hikayeler ya da g\u00fcnl\u00fck olaylar yoluyla \u201cyaln\u0131z, b\u0131km\u0131\u015f, \u00f6fkeli\/k\u0131zg\u0131n, ne\u015feli, \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n, gururlu, umutlu, endi\u015feli vb.\u201d gibi duygulara y\u00f6nelik kelimelerle de tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n

3. Duygular\u0131 yorumlamak: <\/strong>Dergilerden \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00fcz ifadelerine y\u00f6nelik resimler kesip \u201csence k\u0131z neden \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olabilir?\u201d ya da \u201conu bu kadar \u00e7aresiz hissettirecek ne olmu\u015f olabilir?\u201d gibi sorular sorup duygular\u0131n olas\u0131 nedenleri hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fun.<\/p>\n

\"empati\"<\/a><\/p>\n

4. Yard\u0131m etme davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili rol canland\u0131rma yapmak: <\/strong>Baz\u0131 yard\u0131m etme davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile ilgili hikayeler okuyun ya da canland\u0131r\u0131n. Belli durumlarda \u201cnas\u0131l yard\u0131m edilir\u201d \u00fczerine yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z konu\u015fmalar \u00e7ocuklara yard\u0131m etme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretir, uygun davran\u0131\u015flara y\u00f6nelik i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fc kazand\u0131r\u0131r ve di\u011ferinin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla bakmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

5. Destekleyici olmak: <\/strong>\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131zla s\u0131cak ve destekleyici bir ili\u015fki kurun ve geli\u015fimlerine uygun ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i, tutarl\u0131 bilgi ve deneyim aktar\u0131m\u0131nda bulunun. Ailenizdeki de\u011ferlerin s\u00f6zl\u00fc ve s\u00f6zs\u00fcz mesajlarla \u00e7ocu\u011funuza aktar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n (tabii \u00f6nce ailenizde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011ferlere bir g\u00f6zat\u0131n!).<\/p>\n

6. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretmek: <\/strong>Bir \u00e7ocuk ba\u015fka bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa uygun olmayan bir davran\u0131\u015fta bulundu\u011funda iki taraf\u0131n da duygular\u0131n\u0131n aynalanmas\u0131 ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n uygunsuzlu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde ifade edilmesi gerekir. Uygunsuz davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapan \u00e7ocuk o s\u0131rada di\u011fer \u00e7ocu\u011fa y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan empatik davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6rmeli ve duymal\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle yeti\u015fkinin empatik davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 modellemesi gerekir. Daha sonra uygunsuz davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00e7ocu\u011fun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile ma\u011fdur olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun duygusu aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki s\u00f6ylenmelidir. \u00c7ocuklara davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 konusunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k kazand\u0131rmak, di\u011ferlerinin duygular\u0131 konusunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k kazanmalar\u0131na da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. \u00c7ocuk b\u00f6ylece kurallar\u0131n nedenlerini anlamaya ve bu sayede d\u00fcnyay\u0131 daha pozitif, tutarl\u0131 ve anlaml\u0131 bir yer olarak g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flar. \u0130lerleyen a\u015famada da uygun alternatif davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a <\/strong><\/p>\n

Crosser, S. Do You Know How I Feel? Empathy and the Young Child. <\/em>www.earlychildhoodnews.com<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ocuklara empati nasil \u00f6\u011fretilir? \u00c7ocuk geli\u015fiminde empatinin \u00f6nemi ve yeri nedir? Empati becerisi nas\u0131l kazand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2258,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[595,596,162,597,598,599],"class_list":["post-2256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cocuk-ergen-psikolojisi","tag-cocuklarda-empati","tag-duyarli-cocuk","tag-empati","tag-empati-becerisi","tag-empati-gelisimi","tag-yardimsever-cocuk"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2256"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2256\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}