{"id":476,"date":"2012-09-01T08:39:45","date_gmt":"2012-09-01T06:39:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kortopsikoloji.com\/dergi\/?p=476"},"modified":"2012-09-01T08:39:45","modified_gmt":"2012-09-01T06:39:45","slug":"cocuklarin-oz-bakim-becerileri-nasil-gelistirilebilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/cocuklarin-oz-bakim-becerileri-nasil-gelistirilebilir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7OCUKLARIN \u00d6Z BAKIM BECER\u0130LER\u0130 NASIL GEL\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Psikolojik Dan\u0131\u015fman Ceren Akt\u00fcrk<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131, d\u00fcnyaya geldikleri andan itibaren anneleri ya da kendilerine bak\u0131m veren \u00a0ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Bu da \u00e7ocu\u011fu, kendisine bak\u0131m sa\u011flayan ki\u015fiye (\u00e7o\u011funlukla anneye) ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00a0k\u0131lar.\u00a0 Anne (ya da bak\u0131m veren ki\u015fi) ile \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131ndaki bu ili\u015fki, \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in gereklidir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun yava\u015f yava\u015f kendi becerilerini sergilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk d\u00f6nemlerde de bu ili\u015fki devam eder; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu d\u00f6nemde ilk denemeleri acemice\u00a0 olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-477\" title=\"ID-10040731\" src=\"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/ID-10040731.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" \/>\u0130lk alt\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131 kapsayan okul \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n karakter ve ki\u015filik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, geli\u015fimin h\u0131zl\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. Geli\u015fimin ve fiziksel olgunla\u015fman\u0131n do\u011fal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemde, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n temel al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 kazanmas\u0131 \u00a0kolay ve h\u0131zl\u0131 olabilir. \u00c7ocuklar becerilerini acemice sergilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131ndan, al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma yapmalar\u0131na izin verilen ortamlar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z birey olmalar\u0131na daha \u00e7ok olanak verecektir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ocu\u011fun b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ve geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergelerden biri, kendi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 hallederek, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlenmesidir. Bu d\u00f6nemde kazand\u0131r\u0131lacak temel al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar, y\u00f6nlendirme ve tekrara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f davran\u0131\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu konuda ebeveynlere \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revler d\u00fc\u015fer. Dikkat edilmesi gereken \u00f6nemli bir nokta, \u00a0\u00e7ocu\u011fun beceriyi kazanmak i\u00e7in fiziksel olgunlu\u011fa ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi takdirde hem \u00e7ocuk, hem ebeveyn i\u00e7in kayg\u0131 \u00a0verici bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fanabilir.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright  wp-image-481\" title=\"ID-10010052\" src=\"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/ID-10010052.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"320\" \/>\u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00f6z-bak\u0131m becerileri aras\u0131nda <em>yemek yeme, tuvalet e\u011fitimi ve ki\u015fisel bak\u0131m<\/em> yer al\u0131r. Yemek yeme ihtiyac\u0131 insan\u0131n en temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biridir ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolayca kazanmalar\u0131 beklenir. Ancak yemek yeme konusunda zorlama ya da \u00e7ocu\u011fun yemek yemesi i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc iste\u011finin kabul edildi\u011fi ortamlar, \u00a0\u00e7ocu\u011fun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yeme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Anne ve babalar, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na<ins cite=\"mailto:Ceren%20Akturk\" datetime=\"2012-08-29T17:10\"> <\/ins>yemek yeme \u00a0al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131rmak istiyorlarsa, \u00e7atal-ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi kullanabilir hale gelmesi sonras\u0131 ona bunun i\u00e7in uygun deste\u011fi ve f\u0131rsat\u0131 vermeleri gerekir. \u00c7ocuk, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na yemek yemenin keyfini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hem sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yemek al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturacak, hem kendine olan g\u00fcvenini geli\u015ftirecektir. Ba\u015fkas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan doyurulan \u00e7ocuklar, daha h\u0131zl\u0131<ins cite=\"mailto:Ceren%20Akturk\" datetime=\"2012-08-29T17:10\">, <\/ins>daha temiz ve daha \u00e7ok miktar yemek yiyerek masadan kalkabilir. Ancak bununla birlikte \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ilerleyen y\u0131llarda el becerilerini kullanma, daha da \u00a0\u00f6nemlisi ki\u015fisel sorumluluklar\u0131 alma ve kendilerine g\u00fcvenme konusunda zorlanmalar\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.5 &#8211; 3 ya\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren ise \u00e7ocuklara ebeveynleri ile birlikte masada oturarak kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na yemek yeme f\u0131rsat\u0131 verilebilir. Etraf\u0131n bolca kirlendi\u011fi bu zorlu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ebeveynlerin sab\u0131rl\u0131 olmalar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u00a0kendi becerilerini geli\u015ftirecek f\u0131rsat ve zaman\u0131 tan\u0131malar\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Bebeklikten \u00e7ocuklu\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fin en \u00f6nemli basamaklar\u0131ndan biri de tuvalet e\u011fitimidir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun fiziksel geli\u015fim olarak buna haz\u0131r olmas\u0131 birincil ko\u015fuldur. Bununla birlikte sab\u0131rl\u0131 ve tutarl\u0131 bir \u00a0ebeveyn tutumu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.\u00a0 Anne ve baba taraf\u0131ndan verilen tuvalet e\u011fitimi, tuvalet ihtiyac\u0131 sonras\u0131 temizlik becerileri i\u00e7in model olmay\u0131 da i\u00e7erir. Beceriler geli\u015ftik\u00e7e, \u00e7ocu\u011fun bu konuda daha \u00e7ok motive edilmesi, onun geli\u015fimini olumlu y\u00f6nde etkiler. Di\u011fer becerilerde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendi tuvalet sonras\u0131 temizli\u011fini yapmas\u0131 onun duygusal ve \u00f6zg\u00fcven geli\u015fimini olumlu y\u00f6nde destekler.<\/p>\n<p>El-y\u00fcz y\u0131kama, d\u0131\u015f f\u0131r\u00e7alama, banyo yapma gibi ki\u015fisel temizlik al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 da \u00f6z bak\u0131m becerileri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu becerileri kazand\u0131r\u0131rken de yine dikkat edilmesi gerek noktalar \u00e7ocu\u011fa f\u0131rsat tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ebeveynlerin \u00e7ocu\u011fa model olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Psikolojik Dan\u0131\u015fman Ceren Akt\u00fcrk \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131, d\u00fcnyaya geldikleri andan itibaren anneleri ya da kendilerine bak\u0131m veren \u00a0ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Bu da \u00e7ocu\u011fu, kendisine bak\u0131m sa\u011flayan ki\u015fiye (\u00e7o\u011funlukla anneye) ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00a0k\u0131lar.\u00a0 Anne (ya da bak\u0131m veren ki\u015fi) ile \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131ndaki bu ili\u015fki, \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in gereklidir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun yava\u015f yava\u015f kendi becerilerini sergilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6714,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,163],"tags":[185,186,187,44,188,189,190,191,192,193],"class_list":["post-476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cocuk-ergen-psikolojisi","category-eylul-2012","tag-anne-baba","tag-beceri","tag-cocuga-model-olmak","tag-cocuk","tag-cocuklarda-oz-bakim-becerisi","tag-cocuklarin-gelisimi","tag-el-yuz-yikama","tag-oz-bakim","tag-tuvalet-egitim","tag-yemek-yeme"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=476"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/476\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korto.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}